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Ali Ibrahim "Farka" Touré (October 31, 1939 – March 7, 2006) was a Malian singer and multi-instrumentalist, and one of the African continent's most internationally renowned musicians.〔(''African star Ali Farka Toure dies'' ), BBC News d.d. March 7, 2006. Retrieved online from (BBC Online ) d.d. September 22, 2009.〕 His music is widely regarded as representing a point of intersection of traditional Malian music and its North American cousin, the blues. The belief that the latter is historically derived from the former is reflected in Martin Scorsese's often quoted characterization of Touré's tradition as constituting "the DNA of the blues".〔Global South: ''(Our Homage To A Great Master - Ali Farka Toure )''〕 Touré was ranked number 76 on ''Rolling Stone''s list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" 〔(Rolling Stone Magazine's 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time )〕 and number 37 on Spin magazine's "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". ==Biography== He was born in 1939 in the village of Kanau, on the banks of the Niger River in Gourma-Rharous Cercle in the northwestern Malian region of Tombouctou. His family moved to the nearby village of Niafunké when he was still an infant.〔 He was the tenth son of his mother but the only one to survive past infancy. "The name I was given was Ali Ibrahim, but it's a custom in Africa to give a child a strange nickname if you have had other children who have died",〔(Biography ) on World Circuit (Original text by Lucy Duran (updated by Nick Gold & Dave McGuire))〕 Touré was quoted as saying in a biography on his Record Label, World Circuit Records. His nickname, "Farka", chosen by his parents, means "donkey", an animal admired for its tenacity and stubbornness: "Let me make one thing clear. I'm the donkey that nobody climbs on!"〔 Ethnically, he was part Songrai, part Fula.〔 As the first African bluesman to achieve widespread popularity on his home continent, Touré was often known as "the African John Lee Hooker".〔BBC: (ALI FARKA TOURÉ (MALI) )〕 Musically, the many superpositions of guitars and rhythms in his music were similar to John Lee Hooker's hypnotic blues style. He usually sang in one of several African languages, mostly Songhay, Fulfulde, Tamasheq or Bambara〔 as on his breakthrough album, ''Ali Farka Touré'', which established his reputation in the world music community. His first North American concert was in Harrison Hot Springs, British Columbia. 1994's ''Talking Timbuktu'', a collaboration with Ry Cooder, sold promisingly well in Western markets, but was followed by a hiatus from releases in America and Europe. He reappeared in 1999 with the release of ''Niafunké'', a more traditional album focusing on African rhythms and beats. Touré was the mentor and uncle of popular Malian musician Afel Bocoum. Some of Ali Farka Touré's songs and tunes have been used in different programmes, films and documentaries.〔(Ali Farka Touré ) at imdb〕 For instance, his guitar riff on the song "Diaraby", from the album ''Talking Timbuktu'', was selected for the Geo-quiz segment of ''The World'' PRI-BBC program, and was retained by popular demand when put to a vote of the listeners.〔(PRI's the World: Music Heard on Air for January 7, 2010 )〕 This song is likewise used in 1998 as a soundtrack for the film ''L'Assedio'' (''Besieged'') by the Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci. His songs ''Cinquante six'', ''Goye Kur'' and ''Hawa Dolo'' from the album ''The Source'' are also used as a soundtrack in the French film ''Fin août, début septembre'' (''Late August, Early September'') directed in 1998 by Olivier Assayas.〔 The song "Lasidan" was featured in the award winning documentary "Sharkwater" by Rob Stewart. In 2002 he appeared with Black American blues and reggae performer Corey Harris, on an album called ''Mississippi to Mali'' (Rounder Records). Toure and Harris also appeared together in Martin Scorsese's 2003 documentary film ''Feel Like Going Home'',〔 which traced the roots of blues back to its genesis in West Africa. The film was narrated by Harris and features Ali's performances on guitar and njarka. In 2004 Touré became mayor of Niafunké and spent his own money grading the roads, putting in sewer canals and fuelling a generator that provided the impoverished town with electricity.〔 In September 2005, he released the album ''In the Heart of the Moon'', a collaboration with Toumani Diabaté, for which he received a second Grammy award.〔 His last album, ''Savane'', was posthumously released in July 2006. It was received with wide acclaim by professionals and fans alike and has been nominated for a Grammy Award in the category "Best Contemporary World Music Album". The panel of experts from the World Music Chart Europe (WMCE), a chart voted by the leading World Music specialists around Europe, chose ''Savane'' as their Album of the Year 2006, with the album topping the chart for three consecutive months (September to November 2006).〔World Music Chart Europe: (Charts )〕 The album has also been listed as No. 1 in the influential Metacritic's "Best Albums of 2006" poll,〔Metacritic: (Best of 2006 )〕 and No. 5 in its all-time best reviewed albums.〔Metacritic: (All-Time High And Low Scores )〕 Ali Farka Touré has also been nominated for the BBC Radio 3 awards 2007.〔BBC: (Radio 3 Awards for World Music 2007 )〕 On March 7, 2006, the Ministry of Culture of Mali announced his death at age 66 in Bamako from bone cancer, against which he had been battling for some time. His record label, World Circuit, said that he recorded several tracks with his son, Vieux Farka Touré, for Vieux's debut album which was released in late 2006. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ali Farka Touré」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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